東莞市銳鑫(xin)機電有限公司(si)
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制(zhi)作工(gong)藝(yi)
刀(dao)具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)結構和(he)技術(shu)參數可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結構,一(yi)(yi)般情況下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按大端背錐(zhui)(zhui)當(dang)(dang)量(liang)漸開線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)設(she)計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照(zhao)(zhao)小(xiao)端設(she)計(ji),并考慮留(liu)有一(yi)(yi)定精切余(yu)量(liang)。一(yi)(yi) 般情況下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑刀(dao)有3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀(dao)號應按照(zhao)(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當(dang)(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)按照(zhao)(zhao)下式(shi)計(ji)算:
熱處(chu)理工藝方法及(ji)過(guo)程
如前(qian)文所述,機加工前(qian)對齒(chi)坯進行整體高溫正火(huo)處理,正火(huo)設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工藝過程是,爐溫升至裝(zhuang)爐溫度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝(zhuang)零件時如果需要疊放,疊放高度不要超過兩(liang)層,然后(hou)(hou)將(jiang)零件加熱至920-940℃,使組織(zhi)完全發生相變,保溫30-50分鐘后(hou)(hou),空(kong)冷即可。正火(huo)工藝:
由于(yu)該(gai)齒輪精度(du)(du)(du)(du)要求(qiu)不是(shi)很(hen)高,為降(jiang)低(di)滲碳(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火成本(ben),可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滲碳(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火的(de)(de)(de)工藝方法,具 體方法是(shi)將零(ling)(ling)件(jian)裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)滲碳(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不要疊加(jia),爐溫(wen)(wen)升至840℃開(kai)(kai)始滴(di)航空(kong)煤(mei)油(you),煤(mei)油(you)滴(di)速為60-80d/min, 爐溫(wen)(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)開(kai)(kai)始裝(zhuang)爐。排氣期(qi)(qi)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),放入(ru)(ru)兩只試棒(bang),其中(zhong)一只試棒(bang)在(zai)擴散(san)時(shi)間為120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻并檢驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du),根據(ju)檢驗結(jie)果決定(ding)是(shi)否(fou)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),若滲碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不足(zu),擴散(san)期(qi)(qi)延長至 150min。滲碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定(ding)參(can)數(shu)進(jin)行,為控制(zhi)(zhi)滲碳(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du)(du)(du)(du),可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)滲碳(tan)(tan)爐中(zhong)加(jia)裝(zhuang)氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan) 器的(de)(de)(de)方法進(jin)行監測和(he)控制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan)器通(tong)過氧(yang)化(hua)鋯探(tan)頭,將氣氛狀態轉化(hua)為電(dian)勢差,上(shang)述差值通(tong)過控制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)(de)比較(jiao)和(he)計算,確(que)定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)勢的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)否(fou)合(he)適并對其進(jin)行自(zi)動優化(hua)和(he)調(diao)整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)勢控制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有(you)效控制(zhi)(zhi)滲碳(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)并提高滲碳(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)(de)質量,確(que)保(bao)無塊狀、網狀滲碳(tan)(tan)物,滲碳(tan)(tan)設備采(cai)(cai) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲碳(tan)(tan)爐。滲碳(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期(qi)(qi)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),零(ling)(ling)件(jian)出爐直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)火設備選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火介(jie)質為專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火油(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)恒定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou)(hou),出爐空(kong)冷(leng)。
為消除淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)后零件的(de)殘余應力并(bing)防(fang)止淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)裂紋(wen)的(de)產(chan)生,應盡快將淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)后的(de)零件進行低(di)溫(wen)回火(huo)(huo)(huo)處理,具體工藝(yi)(yi)方法是在當爐溫(wen)升至160℃左右時零 件開始裝爐,保溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐空冷(leng),回火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)(huo)(huo)爐。淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)及回火(huo)(huo)(huo)工藝(yi)(yi)圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處理后的零(ling)件放在噴(pen)砂機的轉(zhuan)盤上進行(xing)噴(pen)砂處理,選用石英砂的粒(li)度為(wei)10-20目,在噴(pen)砂過 程中(zhong)要經常翻(fan)動零(ling)件使各面噴(pen)砂效果均勻。零(ling)件噴(pen)砂完后,放入防銹液中(zhong)浸泡(pao)2-4min后,在空氣中(zhong)干(gan) 燥。需要注(zhu)意的是,防銹處理必須(xu)在噴(pen)砂后24小時內(nei)完成。
效果
上述方法簡單實(shi)用(yong),不需要(yao)專用(yong)裝(zhuang)備即(ji)可(ke)實(shi)現直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的加(jia)工,且經濟性好,成(cheng)本較低。經對 加(jia)工后的錐齒(chi)輪(lun)(lun)進行檢測,尺寸及形位精度均符合要(yao)求,滲(shen)碳層深度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相組(zu)織(zhi)為(wei) 單一(yi)的板條狀回火馬氏體組(zu)織(zhi),硬(ying)度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿(man)足該(gai)零件的質 量(liang)要(yao)求。