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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀(dao)具選(xuan)擇
從(cong)該齒(chi)輪的結構和技術參數(shu)可知(zhi),該錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪屬于(yu)標準結構,一般(ban)情況(kuang)下,標準直(zhi)齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪成形銑 刀的齒(chi)形是(shi)按大端背(bei)錐(zhui)當(dang)(dang)量(liang)(liang)漸(jian)開線齒(chi)形設(she)計(ji),而(er)齒(chi)厚則按照小端設(she)計(ji),并考慮留有一定精切(qie)余量(liang)(liang)。一 般(ban)情況(kuang)下直(zhi)齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪成形銑刀有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一套,刀號應按照錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪當(dang)(dang)量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當(dang)(dang) 量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)數(shu)Zv可按照下式計(ji)算(suan):
熱處理(li)工藝(yi)方法及過(guo)程
如前文所述,機加(jia)工前對齒(chi)坯進行整(zheng)體高溫(wen)正(zheng)火(huo)處理,正(zheng)火(huo)設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工藝(yi)(yi)過程是,爐溫(wen)升至裝爐溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝零件時如果需(xu)要疊放,疊放高度(du)不要超過兩層(ceng),然后將零件加(jia)熱(re)至920-940℃,使(shi)組織(zhi)完(wan)全(quan)發(fa)生(sheng)相變(bian),保(bao)溫(wen)30-50分鐘后,空冷即(ji)可。正(zheng)火(huo)工藝(yi)(yi):
由于該(gai)齒輪精度(du)(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是很高,為(wei)(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)成本(ben),可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)的(de)工(gong)藝方法,具 體方法是將(jiang)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中,不(bu)要(yao)疊加(jia),爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始(shi)(shi)滴(di)航空煤油,煤油滴(di)速為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)開始(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣期結束后(hou)(hou),放入兩(liang)只試(shi)棒,其(qi)中一只試(shi)棒在擴散時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢驗淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du),根據(ju)檢驗結果(guo)決定是否(fou)(fou)降溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散期延(yan)長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照表1規(gui)定參數進(jin)行(xing),為(wei)(wei)(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃(nong)度(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)在滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加(jia)裝(zhuang)氧(yang)傳感 器(qi)的(de)方法進(jin)行(xing)監測和控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)傳感器(qi)通(tong)過氧(yang)化鋯探頭,將(jiang)氣氛狀態轉化為(wei)(wei)(wei)電勢差(cha),上(shang)述(shu)差(cha)值通(tong)過控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和計(ji)算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)是否(fou)(fou)合適并(bing)對其(qi)進(jin)行(xing)自動優化和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)達(da)到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有(you)效控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)質量(liang),確保(bao)無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期結束后(hou)(hou),零(ling)(ling)件(jian)出爐(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備選(xuan)用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火(huo)(huo)(huo)介質為(wei)(wei)(wei)專用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)油,介質溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒定在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消(xiao)除淬(cui)(cui)火后(hou)零件(jian)的(de)殘余(yu)應(ying)力并(bing)防止(zhi)淬(cui)(cui)火裂紋的(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將(jiang)淬(cui)(cui)火后(hou)的(de)零件(jian)進行低溫回火處理,具體工(gong)(gong)藝方法是在當爐(lu)溫升(sheng)至160℃左右(you)時零 件(jian)開始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷,回火設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回火爐(lu)。淬(cui)(cui)火及回火工(gong)(gong)藝圖見圖5:
后序處理(li)
將(jiang)熱處理后的(de)零件(jian)放(fang)在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)轉盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處理,選(xuan)用石英砂(sha)的(de)粒度為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過(guo) 程(cheng)中要經(jing)常翻動零件(jian)使各(ge)面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效果均(jun)勻。零件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完(wan)后,放(fang)入防銹液中浸(jin)泡2-4min后,在(zai)空氣(qi)中干 燥。需(xu)要注意(yi)的(de)是,防銹處理必須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后24小(xiao)時內(nei)完(wan)成。
效果
上述方法(fa)簡(jian)單(dan)實用,不需要專用裝備即可(ke)實現(xian)直齒錐齒輪的加(jia)工(gong),且經(jing)濟性好,成(cheng)本較(jiao)低(di)。經(jing)對 加(jia)工(gong)后(hou)的錐齒輪進行檢測,尺寸及(ji)形位精(jing)度均符合要求,滲碳層深度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織(zhi)為(wei) 單(dan)一的板條(tiao)狀回火(huo)馬氏體組織(zhi),硬度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿(man)足該(gai)零件(jian)的質 量(liang)要求。