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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制(zhi)作工(gong)藝(yi)
刀具(ju)選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構(gou)(gou)和技術(shu)參數可知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準(zhun)結構(gou)(gou),一般情(qing)況下(xia),標準(zhun)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按大(da)端背錐(zhui)當量(liang)漸開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按照(zhao)(zhao)小端設(she)計,并考慮留有(you)(you)一定精(jing)切余量(liang)。一 般情(qing)況下(xia)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑刀有(you)(you)3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一套,刀號應按照(zhao)(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇(ze)。當 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照(zhao)(zhao)下(xia)式(shi)計算:
熱處理工(gong)藝方(fang)法及(ji)過程
如前文所述,機加工前對齒坯進行整體高溫(wen)(wen)正火處理,正火設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具(ju)體工藝過程是,爐溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)裝爐溫(wen)(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang) 爐中,裝零件時如果需要(yao)疊(die)放(fang),疊(die)放(fang)高度(du)不要(yao)超過兩(liang)層,然(ran)后將零件加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后,空冷即可。正火工藝:
由于該齒(chi)輪精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)要求不(bu)是很高,為(wei)降低(di)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的工藝方法,具 體方法是將零件(jian)裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)要疊加(jia)(jia),爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開始滴(di)航(hang)空煤油,煤油滴(di)速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零件(jian)開始裝爐(lu)(lu)。排氣期(qi)結束后(hou)(hou),放入兩只試棒,其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)一只試棒在(zai)擴散時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)120 min時(shi)取出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)油冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du),根據檢驗結果決定是否降溫(wen)(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散期(qi)延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照表1規(gui)定參(can)數進行,為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)采(cai)用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)裝氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan) 器(qi)的方法進行監測和(he)控(kong)(kong)制,氧(yang)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)通過氧(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉化為(wei)電勢(shi)差(cha),上述差(cha)值通過控(kong)(kong)制 系統的比較和(he)計算,確(que)定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)是否合適并(bing)對其(qi)進行自動優化和(he)調整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)制精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效(xiao)控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的質(zhi)量,確(que)保(bao)無(wu)塊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、網(wang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期(qi)結束后(hou)(hou),零件(jian)出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)設備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介(jie)質(zhi)為(wei)專用(yong)等(deng)溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)油,介(jie)質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恒定在(zai)110-120℃之(zhi)間(jian),冷(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消除淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)后(hou)零件的(de)(de)(de)殘余(yu)應力并防止淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)裂紋的(de)(de)(de)產生,應盡快將淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)零件進行(xing)低溫回火(huo)(huo)(huo)處(chu)理,具體工藝方法是在當爐(lu)(lu)溫升至160℃左右時零 件開始裝爐(lu)(lu),保(bao)溫120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空(kong)冷(leng),回火(huo)(huo)(huo)設(she)備為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)(huo)(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬火(huo)(huo)(huo)及回火(huo)(huo)(huo)工藝圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5:
后序(xu)處理
將熱處理后(hou)的零件(jian)(jian)放(fang)在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機的轉盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處理,選用石英砂(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過 程中(zhong)要經常翻(fan)動零件(jian)(jian)使各面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻(yun)。零件(jian)(jian)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完后(hou),放(fang)入防銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在空(kong)氣中(zhong)干 燥。需要注意的是(shi),防銹處理必須(xu)在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)24小時(shi)內完成。
效果(guo)
上述(shu)方法簡(jian)單實用,不需要專用裝(zhuang)備即可(ke)實現直齒錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪的(de)加工,且經(jing)濟性好,成本較低。經(jing)對 加工后(hou)的(de)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒輪進行(xing)檢測,尺(chi)寸及形位(wei)精度(du)(du)均(jun)符合要求,滲碳層(ceng)深度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金(jin)相(xiang)組織為(wei)(wei) 單一(yi)的(de)板條狀(zhuang)回火馬氏體組織,硬度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全(quan)可(ke)以滿足該零件的(de)質 量要求。