東莞市銳鑫機電有(you)限(xian)公司(si)
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具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的結構和技術參數可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬(shu)于(yu)標(biao)準結構,一(yi)般情況下,標(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按(an)大端(duan)(duan)背錐(zhui)當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形設計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)照小端(duan)(duan)設計,并考慮留有一(yi)定精切余量。一(yi) 般情況下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形銑刀有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀號應(ying)按(an)照錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)按(an)照下式(shi)計算(suan):
熱處理工藝方法及(ji)過程(cheng)
如前(qian)文所述,機加工前(qian)對齒坯進行整體(ti)(ti)高溫正火(huo)處(chu)理,正火(huo)設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體(ti)(ti)工藝過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi),爐(lu)溫升至裝爐(lu)溫度400-650℃時(shi),將齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零件時(shi)如果需要疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度不要超過(guo)兩層,然后將零件加熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫30-50分鐘后,空冷即(ji)可。正火(huo)工藝:
由于該(gai)齒輪精度(du)(du)(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)很高(gao),為降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬火(huo)成本,可(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)(hou)直接淬火(huo)的(de)工藝(yi)方法(fa),具(ju) 體方法(fa)是(shi)將零(ling)件裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong),不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始(shi)滴(di)航空煤(mei)油(you),煤(mei)油(you)滴(di)速(su)為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零(ling)件開(kai)始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排(pai)氣期結(jie)(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),放入兩只(zhi)(zhi)試棒,其(qi)中(zhong)一(yi)只(zhi)(zhi)試棒在(zai)擴散(san)時(shi)間為120 min時(shi)取出淬油(you)冷(leng)卻并檢驗淬硬(ying)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du),根據檢驗結(jie)(jie)果決定(ding)是(shi)否(fou)降溫(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散(san)期延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定(ding)參(can)數(shu)進行(xing),為控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du)(du)(du),可(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝(zhuang)氧(yang)(yang)傳感 器(qi)(qi)的(de)方法(fa)進行(xing)監測和控(kong)制(zhi),氧(yang)(yang)傳感器(qi)(qi)通過氧(yang)(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛狀態轉化為電(dian)勢差,上述差值通過控(kong)制(zhi) 系統(tong)的(de)比較和計算,確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)否(fou)合適并對其(qi)進行(xing)自動優化和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)以達(da)到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量,確保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備(bei)(bei)采 用(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結(jie)(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou)(hou),零(ling)件出爐(lu)直接淬火(huo)。淬火(huo)設備(bei)(bei)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬 火(huo)介質(zhi)(zhi)為專用(yong)(yong)(yong)等(deng)溫(wen)分級淬火(huo)油(you),介質(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恒(heng)定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為(wei)消(xiao)除(chu)淬火后零件的(de)殘余應力(li)并防止淬火裂紋的(de)產生,應盡(jin)快將淬火后的(de)零件進行低溫回火處理,具體工藝方法是在當爐(lu)溫升至160℃左(zuo)右時零 件開(kai)始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷(leng),回火設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回火爐(lu)。淬火及回火工藝圖(tu)見(jian)圖(tu)5:
后(hou)序處理
將(jiang)熱處理后(hou)(hou)的(de)零(ling)件放在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機(ji)的(de)轉盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處理,選用石英(ying)砂(sha)的(de)粒度為10-20目(mu),在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過(guo) 程中要經常翻(fan)動零(ling)件使各面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)防銹液中浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在空(kong)氣中干(gan) 燥。需(xu)要注意的(de)是,防銹處理必須在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)(hou)24小(xiao)時內完成。
效果
上述方(fang)法簡單(dan)實(shi)用,不需要專(zhuan)用裝備即可實(shi)現直齒錐齒輪(lun)(lun)的加工,且經濟性好,成(cheng)本較(jiao)低。經對(dui) 加工后的錐齒輪(lun)(lun)進行檢測,尺(chi)寸及形位(wei)精度(du)均符合(he)要求,滲(shen)碳(tan)層深度(du)為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織(zhi)為(wei)(wei) 單(dan)一的板條狀回火馬氏(shi)體組織(zhi),硬度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心(xin)部硬度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該零件的質 量要求。