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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工(gong)藝
刀具選擇(ze)
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的結(jie)構(gou)和技術參數(shu)可(ke)知,該錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標(biao)準結(jie)構(gou),一(yi)般情況下(xia),標(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按大端背(bei)錐當(dang)量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形設(she)計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照小(xiao)端設(she)計(ji),并考慮留(liu)有(you)一(yi)定精切余量。一(yi) 般情況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形銑刀有(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀號(hao)應按照錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇(ze)。當(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)按照下(xia)式計(ji)算:
熱處(chu)理工藝方法及過程
如(ru)前文(wen)所述(shu),機加工(gong)(gong)前對齒坯進行整體(ti)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式(shi)爐(lu),具體(ti)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至裝(zhuang)爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零件(jian)時如(ru)果(guo)需要疊(die)放,疊(die)放高(gao)度不要超過兩層(ceng),然(ran)后(hou)將(jiang)零件(jian)加熱至920-940℃,使(shi)組織完全(quan)發生相變,保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou),空(kong)冷即(ji)可。正火工(gong)(gong)藝(yi):
由于(yu)該齒輪精度(du)要求不是很(hen)高,為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火成本,可(ke)(ke)以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火的(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)方(fang)法(fa),具(ju) 體(ti)方(fang)法(fa)是將(jiang)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)裝入(ru)(ru)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不要疊加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開始滴航(hang)空(kong)煤(mei)油(you),煤(mei)油(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零(ling)件(jian)(jian)開始裝爐(lu)(lu)。排(pai)氣期(qi)(qi)結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),放入(ru)(ru)兩(liang)只試棒(bang),其中一只試棒(bang)在擴散時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取(qu)出淬(cui)(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du),根據檢驗(yan)結(jie)果(guo)決定(ding)是否降溫(wen),若滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)不足,擴散期(qi)(qi)延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照表1規定(ding)參數(shu)進(jin)行(xing),為(wei)(wei)控(kong)制滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du),可(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)在滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中加裝氧傳感(gan) 器的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行(xing)監(jian)測和控(kong)制,氧傳感(gan)器通過氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將(jiang)氣氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)電勢(shi)差,上(shang)述差值(zhi)通過控(kong)制 系統的(de)(de)比較和計算,確(que)定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)濃度(du)是否合適并(bing)對其進(jin)行(xing)自(zi)動優化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)制精度(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控(kong)制滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)度(du)并(bing)提(ti)高滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)質量,確(que)保(bao)無塊(kuai)狀、網狀滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備(bei)采(cai)(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期(qi)(qi)結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),零(ling)件(jian)(jian)出爐(lu)(lu)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)火設備(bei)選(xuan)用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火介(jie)質為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)(cui)火油(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)度(du)恒定(ding)在110-120℃之間,冷(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空(kong)冷(leng)。
為消除(chu)淬火后(hou)零(ling)件的殘(can)余應力并防止淬火裂紋的產生,應盡快(kuai)將淬火后(hou)的零(ling)件進行低溫回(hui)(hui)(hui)火處理,具體工藝方法是在(zai)當爐(lu)溫升至160℃左(zuo)右(you)時零(ling) 件開始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)(hui)(hui)火設(she)備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)(hui)火爐(lu)。淬火及回(hui)(hui)(hui)火工藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)(chu)理(li)后(hou)的(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)放在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)轉(zhuan)盤(pan)上(shang)進行(xing)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)(chu)理(li),選用石英砂(sha)的(de)粒度為10-20目(mu),在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過 程中(zhong)(zhong)要經常翻動零(ling)(ling)件(jian)使各面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效(xiao)果均勻(yun)。零(ling)(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完(wan)后(hou),放入防銹液中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在空氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)干 燥。需要注意的(de)是,防銹處(chu)(chu)理(li)必須在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)24小時(shi)內完(wan)成。
效(xiao)果
上述方法簡單(dan)實(shi)用,不需要專用裝備即(ji)可(ke)實(shi)現直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪的(de)加(jia)工,且(qie)經(jing)濟性好,成本較(jiao)低(di)。經(jing)對 加(jia)工后的(de)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪進行檢測,尺寸及形位精(jing)度(du)(du)均符合(he)要求,滲碳(tan)層深度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部(bu)金相組織為 單(dan)一(yi)的(de)板條狀回火馬氏體(ti)組織,硬(ying)度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心(xin)部(bu)硬(ying)度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以(yi)滿足該零件的(de)質 量要求。