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具體參數
拖泵制作工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結(jie)構和技(ji)術參數(shu)(shu)可(ke)知(zhi),該錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標(biao)準(zhun)結(jie)構,一(yi)般情況(kuang)下,標(biao)準(zhun)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑 刀(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是(shi)按大端背錐當量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照小端設(she)計,并考慮(lv)留(liu)有一(yi)定(ding)精切余量(liang)。一(yi) 般情況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑刀(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一(yi)套,刀(dao)號應按照錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)來選擇。當 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)(shu)Zv可(ke)按照下式計算:
熱(re)處理(li)工藝方法(fa)及過程
如前文所述(shu),機加工前對齒坯進行整體高溫(wen)正火處理(li),正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具(ju)體工藝(yi)(yi)過程是(shi),爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)裝爐(lu)溫(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang)(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零(ling)(ling)件(jian)時如果需要(yao)疊放(fang)(fang),疊放(fang)(fang)高度(du)不(bu)要(yao)超(chao)過兩層,然后(hou)將零(ling)(ling)件(jian)加熱至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全(quan)發生相變,保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou),空(kong)冷即可。正火工藝(yi)(yi):
由于該(gai)齒輪精度(du)(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是(shi)很高(gao),為降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本,可以采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)后直接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)工藝方(fang)法,具 體方(fang)法是(shi)將零(ling)件(jian)裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)筐中,不(bu)要(yao)疊(die)加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)840℃開始滴航空煤(mei)油(you),煤(mei)油(you)滴速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)(zhi)930℃時(shi)零(ling)件(jian)開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣期結束(shu)后,放入兩只試(shi)棒,其(qi)中一(yi)只試(shi)棒在擴散時(shi)間為120 min時(shi)取出(chu)淬(cui)油(you)冷卻(que)并(bing)檢驗(yan)(yan)淬(cui)硬層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du),根據檢驗(yan)(yan)結果決定是(shi)否降(jiang)溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散期延(yan)長至(zhi)(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)可按照表1規定參數進行,為控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)勢濃(nong)度(du)(du),可采(cai)用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)中加裝(zhuang)氧傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan) 器(qi)的(de)(de)方(fang)法進行監測(ce)和控(kong)(kong)制,氧傳(chuan)(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)氧化鋯探頭(tou),將氣氛狀(zhuang)態轉化為電勢差,上述差值(zhi)通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)(kong)制 系統的(de)(de)比較(jiao)和計算,確定碳(tan)勢的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)是(shi)否合適并(bing)對(dui)其(qi)進行自動優(you)化和調整,使(shi)碳(tan)勢控(kong)(kong)制精度(du)(du)可以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有(you)效控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)并(bing)提(ti)高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang),確保(bao)無(wu)塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)設(she)備采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)均溫(wen)期結束(shu)后,零(ling)件(jian)出(chu)爐(lu)直接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)設(she)備選(xuan)用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)為專用(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)油(you),介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)恒定在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷卻(que)30min后,出(chu)爐(lu)空冷。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)火后(hou)零件的殘余應(ying)力并防止(zhi)淬(cui)火裂紋(wen)的產生(sheng),應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)火后(hou)的零件進行低(di)溫(wen)回火處(chu)理(li),具體工藝方法(fa)是在(zai)當爐(lu)溫(wen)升至160℃左右時零 件開始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷,回火設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回火爐(lu)。淬(cui)火及(ji)回火工藝圖見圖5:
后序(xu)處(chu)理
將熱處理后(hou)的(de)零件放(fang)在噴(pen)砂機(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)盤上進行噴(pen)砂處理,選用石(shi)英砂的(de)粒度為(wei)10-20目,在噴(pen)砂過 程中(zhong)要經常翻(fan)動零件使各面噴(pen)砂效果(guo)均勻(yun)。零件噴(pen)砂完后(hou),放(fang)入(ru)防銹液中(zhong)浸(jin)泡2-4min后(hou),在空氣中(zhong)干 燥。需(xu)要注意的(de)是(shi),防銹處理必須在噴(pen)砂后(hou)24小時內完成。
效果(guo)
上述方法簡單實用,不(bu)需要(yao)專用裝備即(ji)可實現直齒(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong),且經濟(ji)性好,成本較低。經對 加工(gong)(gong)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)進行檢測(ce),尺(chi)寸及形位精度(du)(du)均符合要(yao)求(qiu),滲碳層深(shen)度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金(jin)相組(zu)織為 單一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)板(ban)條(tiao)狀回火(huo)馬氏體組(zu)織,硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完全(quan)可以(yi)滿足該零(ling)件的(de)(de)(de)質 量要(yao)求(qiu)。