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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制(zhi)作工藝
刀具(ju)選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)的(de)結構(gou)和技(ji)術參(can)數可知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)屬于標(biao)(biao)準結構(gou),一(yi)(yi)般情(qing)況下,標(biao)(biao)準直(zhi)(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian) 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按大(da)端(duan)背(bei)錐(zhui)當量(liang)(liang)漸(jian)開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設計(ji)(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照(zhao)小端(duan)設計(ji)(ji),并(bing)考慮留有(you)一(yi)(yi)定精切(qie)余量(liang)(liang)。一(yi)(yi) 般情(qing)況下直(zhi)(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian)刀(dao)有(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀(dao)號應(ying)按照(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)當量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量(liang)(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照(zhao)下式計(ji)(ji)算:
熱處理(li)工藝方法及過程
如前文所述(shu),機加工前對齒坯進(jin)行整體高(gao)溫正火(huo)處理,正火(huo)設備(bei)為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工藝(yi)過程是,爐溫升至裝爐溫度(du)400-650℃時(shi),將齒輪放(fang) 爐中,裝零件(jian)時(shi)如果需要(yao)疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高(gao)度(du)不要(yao)超過兩層(ceng),然(ran)后將零件(jian)加熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫30-50分鐘(zhong)后,空(kong)冷即可(ke)。正火(huo)工藝(yi):
由于該(gai)齒輪(lun)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)很高,為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬火(huo)(huo)成(cheng)本,可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接淬火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)工藝方法,具 體方法是(shi)將零(ling)件(jian)裝(zhuang)入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中,不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)840℃開(kai)始滴航空煤(mei)油(you),煤(mei)油(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)零(ling)件(jian)開(kai)始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣期(qi)結(jie)束后,放入(ru)兩只(zhi)試棒,其中一只(zhi)試棒在(zai)擴散時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取出(chu)(chu)(chu)淬油(you)冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢驗(yan)淬硬層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du),根據檢驗(yan)結(jie)果決定(ding)(ding)是(shi)否降(jiang)溫(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散期(qi)延長(chang)至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照(zhao)表1規定(ding)(ding)參數進行,為(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du)(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加裝(zhuang)氧(yang)傳(chuan)感 器的(de)(de)方法進行監測和控(kong)制(zhi),氧(yang)傳(chuan)感器通過氧(yang)化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)電勢差(cha),上述差(cha)值通過控(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)比較和計算,確定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)否合適并(bing)對其進行自動優化(hua)和調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)質量,確保無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)(she)備采 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均(jun)溫(wen)期(qi)結(jie)束后,零(ling)件(jian)出(chu)(chu)(chu)爐(lu)直接淬火(huo)(huo)。淬火(huo)(huo)設(she)(she)備選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油(you)槽(cao),淬 火(huo)(huo)介(jie)質為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)分級淬火(huo)(huo)油(you),介(jie)質溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間(jian)(jian),冷(leng)卻30min后,出(chu)(chu)(chu)爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消(xiao)除淬火(huo)(huo)后零(ling)件(jian)的殘余應(ying)力并(bing)防止(zhi)淬火(huo)(huo)裂紋的產生,應(ying)盡快將(jiang)淬火(huo)(huo)后的零(ling)件(jian)進(jin)行低(di)溫回(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理,具體工(gong)藝方法是(shi)在當爐溫升(sheng)至160℃左右時零(ling) 件(jian)開始裝爐,保溫120-150min后,出爐空冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐。淬火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝圖見圖5:
后(hou)序處理
將熱處理(li)后的(de)零(ling)件放在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)盤上(shang)進行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處理(li),選用石英砂(sha)(sha)的(de)粒(li)度為(wei)10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過 程中要經常翻動零(ling)件使各(ge)面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效果均勻(yun)。零(ling)件噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完后,放入防(fang)銹液中浸泡(pao)2-4min后,在(zai)空氣(qi)中干(gan) 燥。需(xu)要注(zhu)意的(de)是,防(fang)銹處理(li)必須(xu)在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后24小(xiao)時內完成(cheng)。
效果
上述方法簡(jian)單(dan)實用,不需要(yao)專用裝(zhuang)備即可(ke)實現直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的加(jia)工,且經濟性好,成(cheng)本較低。經對 加(jia)工后的錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)進(jin)行檢測,尺寸及形位(wei)精(jing)度均符合要(yao)求,滲碳層深度為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部(bu)金相組(zu)織(zhi)為(wei)(wei) 單(dan)一的板條狀回火馬氏體(ti)組(zu)織(zhi),硬度為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全(quan)可(ke)以滿足該零件的質 量要(yao)求。