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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作工(gong)藝
刀(dao)具選(xuan)擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構和技術(shu)參數(shu)可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于(yu)標準(zhun)結構,一(yi)般情況下(xia),標準(zhun)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按大端背錐(zhui)(zhui)當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設(she)計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按照(zhao)小端設(she)計(ji),并考慮留有一(yi)定(ding)精(jing)切余量。一(yi) 般情況下(xia)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑刀有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀號(hao)應按照(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇(ze)。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)按照(zhao)下(xia)式計(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程(cheng)
如(ru)前文(wen)所述,機加工(gong)(gong)前對齒(chi)坯進行整(zheng)體高(gao)溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備(bei)為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體工(gong)(gong)藝過程是,爐溫(wen)升至裝(zhuang)爐溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝(zhuang)零(ling)件時如(ru)果(guo)需要疊放,疊放高(gao)度不要超(chao)過兩(liang)層,然后將(jiang)零(ling)件加熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫(wen)30-50分鐘(zhong)后,空冷即(ji)可。正火工(gong)(gong)藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)要求不(bu)(bu)是(shi)很高,為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)成本,可(ke)(ke)(ke)以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)工藝方法(fa),具 體方法(fa)是(shi)將零件裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)筐(kuang)中,不(bu)(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開始(shi)滴航空(kong)煤(mei)油(you),煤(mei)油(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)零件開始(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)期結(jie)束(shu)后(hou),放(fang)入兩(liang)只試棒,其中一只試棒在(zai)擴散(san)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)間為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)取出(chu)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)油(you)冷卻(que)并(bing)檢(jian)驗淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)(shen)度(du),根據(ju)檢(jian)驗結(jie)果決定(ding)是(shi)否降溫(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)(shen)度(du)不(bu)(bu)足,擴散(san)期延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)按(an)照表(biao)1規定(ding)參(can)數進(jin)行,為(wei)(wei)控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)碳(tan)勢濃(nong)度(du),可(ke)(ke)(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)中加裝(zhuang)氧傳(chuan)感(gan) 器(qi)的(de)方法(fa)進(jin)行監測和(he)控制(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯(gao)探頭(tou),將氣(qi)(qi)氛狀態轉化(hua)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)勢差(cha),上述差(cha)值通(tong)過(guo)控制(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和(he)計(ji)算,確定(ding)碳(tan)勢的(de)濃(nong)度(du)是(shi)否合適(shi)并(bing)對其進(jin)行自(zi)動優化(hua)和(he)調整,使碳(tan)勢控制(zhi)精度(du)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)(ke)有效控制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)深(shen)(shen)度(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)質(zhi)量,確保無塊(kuai)狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)設(she)備采(cai)(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)均溫(wen)期結(jie)束(shu)后(hou),零件出(chu)爐(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)設(she)備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介(jie)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)等(deng)溫(wen)分(fen)級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)油(you),介(jie)質(zhi)溫(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷卻(que)30min后(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)空(kong)冷。
為(wei)消除淬火(huo)(huo)后零件(jian)的殘(can)余(yu)應力并防止淬火(huo)(huo)裂紋的產(chan)生,應盡(jin)快將淬火(huo)(huo)后的零件(jian)進行低溫(wen)回火(huo)(huo)處理,具體工藝(yi)方法(fa)是在當爐(lu)溫(wen)升至160℃左右(you)時零 件(jian)開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐(lu)空冷,回火(huo)(huo)設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬火(huo)(huo)及回火(huo)(huo)工藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處理后的零件(jian)放在(zai)噴砂(sha)機的轉盤上進行噴砂(sha)處理,選用(yong)石(shi)英砂(sha)的粒度為(wei)10-20目(mu),在(zai)噴砂(sha)過 程中(zhong)要經常(chang)翻動零件(jian)使各(ge)面噴砂(sha)效果均(jun)勻。零件(jian)噴砂(sha)完(wan)后,放入(ru)防銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)空(kong)氣(qi)中(zhong)干 燥。需(xu)要注意的是,防銹處理必須(xu)在(zai)噴砂(sha)后24小(xiao)時(shi)內完(wan)成。
效(xiao)果(guo)
上述方法簡單實(shi)用,不需(xu)要專用裝備即(ji)可實(shi)現直齒錐齒輪的(de)加工,且(qie)經濟性好,成本(ben)較(jiao)低。經對(dui) 加工后的(de)錐齒輪進行檢測,尺寸及形位精度(du)均符合要求(qiu),滲碳(tan)層深(shen)度(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金(jin)相組織(zhi)為(wei) 單一的(de)板條狀回(hui)火馬氏體(ti)組織(zhi),硬度(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以滿足(zu)該零件(jian)的(de)質 量要求(qiu)。