東莞(guan)市銳鑫機(ji)電有限(xian)公(gong)司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作工藝(yi)
刀具選擇(ze)
從(cong)該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)結構和技術參(can)數(shu)可(ke)(ke)知,該(gai)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標(biao)準結構,一(yi)般情況下(xia),標(biao)準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian) 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按(an)大端(duan)背(bei)錐(zhui)(zhui)當量漸(jian)開(kai)線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計(ji),而(er)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則(ze)按(an)照小(xiao)端(duan)設(she)計(ji),并考慮留有(you)(you)一(yi)定精(jing)切余量。一(yi) 般情況下(xia)直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑(xian)刀(dao)有(you)(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套(tao),刀(dao)號應按(an)照錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇(ze)。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)(ke)按(an)照下(xia)式計(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方(fang)法(fa)及過程
如前(qian)文所述,機加(jia)工前(qian)對齒(chi)坯進行整(zheng)體高溫(wen)(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐(lu),具體工藝過程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)裝爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放 爐(lu)中,裝零件時如果需要疊放,疊放高度不要超過兩層(ceng),然后將零件加(jia)熱(re)至(zhi)920-940℃,使組織完全發(fa)生相變(bian),保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘(zhong)后,空冷即可。正火工藝:
由于該齒(chi)輪精度(du)(du)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)不(bu)是很(hen)高(gao)(gao),為(wei)降低(di)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)藝(yi)方法(fa),具(ju) 體方法(fa)是將零件裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要(yao)(yao)疊加,爐溫(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開(kai)(kai)始滴航空(kong)煤(mei)油(you),煤(mei)油(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐溫(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時零件開(kai)(kai)始裝爐。排(pai)氣期結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou),放(fang)入(ru)兩只(zhi)試棒,其中一只(zhi)試棒在(zai)擴散時間(jian)為(wei)120 min時取出淬(cui)(cui)油(you)冷卻并(bing)檢(jian)驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層深(shen)度(du)(du),根據檢(jian)驗結(jie)果決(jue)定(ding)(ding)是否降溫(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)不(bu)足(zu),擴散期延(yan)長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時可(ke)按照表1規(gui)定(ding)(ding)參數進行(xing),為(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du)(du),可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐中加裝氧(yang)(yang)傳感 器的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)進行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)和(he)控(kong)制(zhi),氧(yang)(yang)傳感器通(tong)過(guo)氧(yang)(yang)化鋯探頭,將氣氛狀態轉化為(wei)電勢(shi)差,上(shang)述差值通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)(de)比較和(he)計算,確(que)定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)是否合適并(bing)對其進行(xing)自動優化和(he)調整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)(du)可(ke)以(yi)達到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深(shen)度(du)(du)并(bing)提高(gao)(gao)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)(de)質量,確(que)保無塊狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)期結(jie)束(shu)后(hou)(hou),零件出爐直接淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)設(she)備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介質為(wei)專用(yong)等溫(wen)分級(ji)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)油(you),介質溫(wen)度(du)(du)恒定(ding)(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之間(jian),冷卻30min后(hou)(hou),出爐空(kong)冷。
為消除淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后零(ling)件(jian)的殘余應力并防止(zhi)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)裂(lie)紋的產生,應盡快將淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)后的零(ling)件(jian)進行(xing)低(di)溫回火(huo)處理,具體(ti)工(gong)藝(yi)方法(fa)是在當爐(lu)溫升至(zhi)160℃左右時(shi)零(ling) 件(jian)開始裝爐(lu),保溫120-150min后,出爐(lu)空(kong)冷,回火(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)及回火(huo)工(gong)藝(yi)圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序處(chu)理
將熱處理(li)后的(de)零件放在(zai)噴砂機的(de)轉盤上(shang)進(jin)行噴砂處理(li),選用石(shi)英砂的(de)粒度為10-20目,在(zai)噴砂過 程中要經常翻動零件使各(ge)面噴砂效果均勻(yun)。零件噴砂完后,放入(ru)防銹(xiu)液中浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)空氣中干 燥。需要注意(yi)的(de)是,防銹(xiu)處理(li)必(bi)須在(zai)噴砂后24小時內完成。
效果
上述方法(fa)簡單實用(yong),不需要專用(yong)裝備即(ji)可實現直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪的加(jia)工(gong),且經濟(ji)性(xing)好,成本較(jiao)低。經對(dui) 加(jia)工(gong)后的錐齒(chi)輪進行檢測,尺(chi)寸及形位精(jing)度(du)(du)均符(fu)合要求,滲碳層深度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金(jin)相組織為 單一的板(ban)條(tiao)狀(zhuang)回(hui)火馬(ma)氏(shi)體組織,硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以滿(man)足該(gai)零件的質 量(liang)要求。