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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵制作工藝(yi)
刀(dao)具選擇(ze)
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)(de)結構和技術參數可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標(biao)(biao)準結構,一(yi)般情(qing)況下,標(biao)(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)銑(xian) 刀的(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是(shi)按(an)大端背錐(zhui)當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設(she)計,而(er)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則(ze)按(an)照小端設(she)計,并考(kao)慮留有一(yi)定精(jing)切(qie)余量。一(yi) 般情(qing)況下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成形(xing)銑(xian)刀有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)套,刀號應按(an)照錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)按(an)照下式計算:
熱處(chu)理工藝方法(fa)及過程
如前(qian)文所述(shu),機加(jia)工前(qian)對(dui)齒坯進行整體(ti)高溫(wen)(wen)正(zheng)火(huo)處(chu)理(li),正(zheng)火(huo)設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體(ti)工藝過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至裝爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度400-650℃時,將齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零件時如果需要疊(die)放(fang),疊(die)放(fang)高度不要超過(guo)兩層,然后(hou)將零件加(jia)熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即可(ke)。正(zheng)火(huo)工藝:
由于(yu)該齒輪精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是很高(gao),為降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火成(cheng)本,可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火的(de)(de)工藝(yi)方(fang)法(fa),具 體方(fang)法(fa)是將(jiang)零(ling)件裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)要(yao)疊(die)加,爐(lu)(lu)溫升(sheng)(sheng)至840℃開始(shi)滴航空煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫升(sheng)(sheng)至930℃時(shi)(shi)零(ling)件開始(shi)裝爐(lu)(lu)。排氣期(qi)結束(shu)后,放入兩只試(shi)棒(bang),其(qi)中(zhong)一只試(shi)棒(bang)在(zai)擴(kuo)散時(shi)(shi)間為120 min時(shi)(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)(cui)油(you)(you)冷卻并檢(jian)驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)(du),根據檢(jian)驗(yan)結果決定是否(fou)降溫,若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴(kuo)散期(qi)延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)按照(zhao)表(biao)1規定參數進行,為控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)(ke)采(cai)用在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧傳感(gan) 器(qi)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)進行監測和控(kong)制(zhi),氧傳感(gan)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將(jiang)氣氛(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)化(hua)為電勢(shi)差,上述差值通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)比較(jiao)和計算(suan),確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)是否(fou)合適并對其(qi)進行自(zi)動(dong)優化(hua)和調(diao)整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)精(jing)度(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)達(da)到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)(ke)有效控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量,確保(bao)無塊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai) 用RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫期(qi)結束(shu)后,零(ling)件出爐(lu)(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火設備選用專用恒(heng)(heng)溫油(you)(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui)(cui) 火介質(zhi)為專用等溫分(fen)級淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火油(you)(you),介質(zhi)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)恒(heng)(heng)定在(zai)110-120℃之間,冷卻30min后,出爐(lu)(lu)空冷。
為(wei)消除淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)零(ling)件的(de)殘余應力并防止淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)裂紋(wen)的(de)產生,應盡快將淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)零(ling)件進行(xing)低溫(wen)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)處理,具體工(gong)藝(yi)方法是(shi)在當爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至160℃左(zuo)右時(shi)零(ling) 件開始裝爐(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后(hou)(hou)(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)空冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處(chu)理后(hou)的(de)(de)零(ling)件放(fang)在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)(de)轉盤上進(jin)行(xing)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理,選用石英砂(sha)的(de)(de)粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過 程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要經常(chang)翻(fan)動零(ling)件使各面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效果均勻。零(ling)件噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完后(hou),放(fang)入(ru)防(fang)銹液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在空(kong)氣中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)干 燥。需要注意的(de)(de)是,防(fang)銹處(chu)理必(bi)須在噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)24小時內完成。
效果
上述方法簡單實用(yong),不需要(yao)專用(yong)裝備(bei)即可實現直(zhi)齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪的(de)加工,且經(jing)(jing)濟性好,成本較低(di)。經(jing)(jing)對 加工后的(de)錐齒(chi)輪進行檢測(ce),尺寸及(ji)形位精度(du)(du)均符合要(yao)求,滲碳層深度(du)(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部金相組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)為 單一的(de)板(ban)條(tiao)狀回火馬氏(shi)體組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),硬度(du)(du)為HRC58-62。心(xin)部硬度(du)(du)為HRC36-40,完全可以滿(man)足(zu)該零件的(de)質(zhi) 量(liang)要(yao)求。