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B棟401
具體參數
拖(tuo)泵(beng)制作(zuo)工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)結構和(he)技術(shu)參數可知,該錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標準結構,一般情況下,標準直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形銑 刀(dao)的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按大端背錐當量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設(she)(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照小(xiao)端設(she)(she)計,并考(kao)慮留有(you)一定(ding)精(jing)切(qie)余量。一 般情況下直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形銑刀(dao)有(you)3把、8把、15把、26把一套(tao),刀(dao)號(hao)應按照錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇(ze)。當 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照下式計算:
熱處理工藝方法及過(guo)程
如(ru)前(qian)文所述,機加工(gong)前(qian)對齒(chi)坯進行(xing)整體(ti)(ti)高(gao)溫(wen)正(zheng)火處(chu)理,正(zheng)火設備為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體(ti)(ti)工(gong)藝過程是,爐溫(wen)升至裝(zhuang)爐溫(wen)度400-650℃時(shi),將齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝(zhuang)零(ling)件時(shi)如(ru)果需要疊放,疊放高(gao)度不(bu)要超過兩層,然后(hou)將零(ling)件加熱至920-940℃,使組織完(wan)全發生相變,保溫(wen)30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即可。正(zheng)火工(gong)藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)(du)(du)要求不是很高,為(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬火(huo)成(cheng)本,可以采(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后直接淬火(huo)的工藝方(fang)法(fa),具(ju) 體(ti)方(fang)法(fa)是將零(ling)件裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不要疊加(jia)(jia),爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開始滴航空煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時(shi)(shi)零(ling)件開始裝爐(lu)。排(pai)氣(qi)期結(jie)束后,放入(ru)兩只(zhi)試(shi)棒(bang),其(qi)中一(yi)只(zhi)試(shi)棒(bang)在擴(kuo)散(san)時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取出淬油(you)冷(leng)卻并(bing)檢(jian)驗(yan)淬硬層深度(du)(du)(du)(du),根據檢(jian)驗(yan)結(jie)果決定(ding)(ding)是否(fou)降溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)(du)(du)不足,擴(kuo)散(san)期延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)可按照表1規定(ding)(ding)參數進行,為(wei)控制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)(shi)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃度(du)(du)(du)(du),可采(cai)用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中加(jia)(jia)裝氧(yang)傳感 器(qi)(qi)的方(fang)法(fa)進行監測和控制,氧(yang)傳感器(qi)(qi)通過氧(yang)化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀態(tai)轉化(hua)為(wei)電勢差(cha),上述差(cha)值通過控制 系統(tong)的比較和計算(suan),確定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)是否(fou)合適并(bing)對其(qi)進行自(zi)動優化(hua)和調整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控制精度(du)(du)(du)(du)可以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有效控制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)(du)(du)(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的質(zhi)量,確保無塊(kuai)狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備(bei)(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)期結(jie)束后,零(ling)件出爐(lu)直接淬火(huo)。淬火(huo)設備(bei)(bei)選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬 火(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)專(zhuan)用(yong)等(deng)溫(wen)(wen)分級(ji)淬火(huo)油(you),介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)恒定(ding)(ding)在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷(leng)卻30min后,出爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消(xiao)除淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零(ling)件的殘余應(ying)力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)裂紋的產生,應(ying)盡(jin)快將(jiang)淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)件進行低溫回火(huo)處理,具體工藝方(fang)法(fa)是在當爐(lu)溫升至160℃左右(you)時(shi)零(ling) 件開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu),保溫120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)空冷(leng),回火(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回火(huo)爐(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)及回火(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后序(xu)處理(li)
將熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理后的零件放在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)機的轉(zhuan)盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)處(chu)(chu)理,選用石英(ying)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)的粒度為(wei)10-20目,在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)過 程中(zhong)(zhong)要經常翻動零件使(shi)各面噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)效果均勻。零件噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)完(wan)后,放入(ru)防(fang)銹液中(zhong)(zhong)浸(jin)泡2-4min后,在(zai)(zai)空氣(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)干 燥(zao)。需要注意的是,防(fang)銹處(chu)(chu)理必(bi)須(xu)在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)后24小時內完(wan)成(cheng)。
效果(guo)
上述方(fang)法簡單實用,不需(xu)要(yao)專用裝備(bei)即(ji)可實現(xian)直齒錐(zhui)齒輪的(de)加工,且(qie)經(jing)濟性好,成本較低。經(jing)對(dui) 加工后的(de)錐(zhui)齒輪進行檢(jian)測,尺寸及形位精(jing)度均符合要(yao)求,滲碳層深度為1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金相(xiang)組織(zhi)為 單一的(de)板(ban)條狀回火馬氏體組織(zhi),硬度為HRC58-62。心(xin)部(bu)硬度為HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以滿(man)足該零件(jian)的(de)質 量要(yao)求。