東(dong)莞市銳鑫機電有限公司
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具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作(zuo)工(gong)藝(yi)
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的結構(gou)和技術參數可(ke)(ke)知(zhi),該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬于標準結構(gou),一般情況(kuang)下,標準直(zhi)(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)銑(xian) 刀(dao)(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按(an)大端(duan)背錐(zhui)當(dang)(dang)量漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)照(zhao)小(xiao)端(duan)設(she)計,并考慮留有一定精切余量。一 般情況(kuang)下直(zhi)(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形(xing)(xing)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)有3把、8把、15把、26把一套,刀(dao)(dao)號應按(an)照(zhao)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當(dang)(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當(dang)(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)(ke)按(an)照(zhao)下式計算:
熱處理(li)工藝方法及過程
如前文所述,機加工前對齒坯進行(xing)整體(ti)高溫正火處(chu)理,正火設備(bei)為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體(ti)工藝過(guo)程是,爐(lu)溫升至裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐(lu)溫度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)零件(jian)時如果(guo)需(xu)要(yao)疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度不(bu)要(yao)超過(guo)兩層,然后(hou)將(jiang)零件(jian)加熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫30-50分鐘后(hou),空冷即可(ke)。正火工藝:
由于該齒輪精度(du)(du)要求(qiu)不是很高,為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)成本,可以(yi)采用滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)后直接淬(cui)火(huo)的(de)(de)工藝方法(fa),具 體方法(fa)是將零(ling)(ling)件裝(zhuang)入(ru)(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)筐中,不要疊(die)加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)840℃開始滴(di)航空(kong)煤油(you)(you),煤油(you)(you)滴(di)速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至(zhi)930℃時(shi)(shi)零(ling)(ling)件開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期(qi)結束后,放入(ru)(ru)兩只(zhi)試(shi)棒,其中一只(zhi)試(shi)棒在擴散(san)時(shi)(shi)間為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)(shi)取出淬(cui)油(you)(you)冷卻并檢(jian)驗淬(cui)硬(ying)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du),根據檢(jian)驗結果(guo)決定是否降溫(wen)(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)不足(zu),擴散(san)期(qi)延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)(shi)可按(an)照表1規定參數進行,為(wei)(wei)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du)(du),可采用在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)中加裝(zhuang)氧傳感 器的(de)(de)方法(fa)進行監測和(he)(he)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi),氧傳感器通(tong)過氧化鋯探頭,將氣(qi)氛狀(zhuang)態(tai)轉化為(wei)(wei)電勢(shi)差,上述差值通(tong)過控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi) 系統(tong)的(de)(de)比較(jiao)和(he)(he)計算(suan),確定碳(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)是否合適并對(dui)其進行自動優化和(he)(he)調整,使碳(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)精度(du)(du)可以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可有(you)效控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)(du)并提(ti)高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang),確保無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)設(she)備采 用RQ3-75-9井式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期(qi)結束后,零(ling)(ling)件出爐(lu)直接淬(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)設(she)備選用專(zhuan)用恒(heng)(heng)溫(wen)(wen)油(you)(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)用等溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)火(huo)油(you)(you),介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)恒(heng)(heng)定在110-120℃之間,冷卻30min后,出爐(lu)空(kong)冷。
為(wei)消(xiao)除淬(cui)火后零件的殘余應(ying)力(li)并防止淬(cui)火裂紋的產(chan)生,應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)火后的零件進行(xing)低溫回火處理,具體(ti)工藝方法是在當爐溫升至160℃左右時零 件開(kai)始裝(zhuang)爐,保溫120-150min后,出爐空冷,回火設備為(wei)RJJ-36-6回火爐。淬(cui)火及回火工藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱(re)處(chu)理(li)后(hou)的(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)放在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)機的(de)轉盤上進行(xing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理(li),選用石英砂(sha)的(de)粒度為10-20目,在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)過 程(cheng)中要經常翻動零(ling)(ling)件(jian)使各面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)效(xiao)果均(jun)勻。零(ling)(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)完(wan)后(hou),放入防銹液中浸(jin)泡2-4min后(hou),在空(kong)氣中干 燥。需(xu)要注(zhu)意的(de)是,防銹處(chu)理(li)必須在噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)后(hou)24小時內完(wan)成。
效果(guo)
上述方法簡單實用,不(bu)需(xu)要專用裝備即可(ke)實現直齒錐(zhui)齒輪的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong),且(qie)經濟性好,成本較低。經對 加(jia)工(gong)后(hou)的(de)(de)錐(zhui)齒輪進行檢測(ce),尺(chi)寸及(ji)形位精度(du)均符合要求,滲碳層深(shen)度(du)為1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金相組織為 單一的(de)(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組織,硬度(du)為HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)為HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿足該零件(jian)的(de)(de)質 量要求。