東莞市銳鑫(xin)機電(dian)有(you)限公(gong)司(si)
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結構和技術參數可知,該錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬(shu)于(yu)標(biao)(biao)準結構,一(yi)(yi)般(ban)情況下,標(biao)(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑 刀的齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按大端背(bei)錐(zhui)當(dang)(dang)量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形設(she)計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照小端設(she)計(ji),并考慮留(liu)有一(yi)(yi)定精切余量(liang)。一(yi)(yi) 般(ban)情況下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形銑刀有3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一(yi)(yi)套,刀號應按照錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當(dang)(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數Zv可按照下式計(ji)算:
熱(re)處(chu)理工(gong)藝方法及過程
如前文所述,機加工(gong)(gong)前對齒(chi)坯進行(xing)整體(ti)高(gao)溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體(ti)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程是,爐溫(wen)升(sheng)至裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)零件(jian)(jian)時如果需(xu)要疊放,疊放高(gao)度不要超過(guo)兩層,然(ran)后(hou)將(jiang)零件(jian)(jian)加熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變,保溫(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后(hou),空(kong)冷即(ji)可。正火工(gong)(gong)藝(yi):
由(you)于該(gai)齒輪精(jing)度(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)很高,為(wei)降(jiang)低(di)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)成本,可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)的(de)(de)工(gong)藝方(fang)法(fa),具 體(ti)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)將零(ling)件裝入滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中,不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至840℃開始滴航空(kong)(kong)煤(mei)(mei)油(you),煤(mei)(mei)油(you)滴速為(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升(sheng)至930℃時(shi)零(ling)件開始裝爐(lu)(lu)。排氣期結(jie)束后(hou),放入兩只試棒(bang),其中一只試棒(bang)在(zai)擴散(san)時(shi)間為(wei)120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)油(you)冷(leng)卻(que)并(bing)(bing)(bing)檢(jian)驗淬(cui)硬層深度(du),根據檢(jian)驗結(jie)果決定(ding)是(shi)否降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)不(bu)足,擴散(san)期延(yan)長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表1規(gui)定(ding)參數進行,為(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du),可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)中加裝氧(yang)傳感 器(qi)的(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)進行監測(ce)和控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)傳感器(qi)通過(guo)氧(yang)化鋯探(tan)頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)態轉化為(wei)電勢(shi)差,上述差值通過(guo)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)(de)比(bi)較(jiao)和計(ji)算(suan),確定(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)濃度(du)是(shi)否合適(shi)并(bing)(bing)(bing)對其進行自動(dong)優化和調整,使(shi)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度(du)可(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效(xiao)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)并(bing)(bing)(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)質(zhi)量,確保無(wu)塊狀(zhuang)、網(wang)狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期結(jie)束后(hou),零(ling)件出爐(lu)(lu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)。淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)設備選用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui) 火(huo)(huo)介質(zhi)為(wei)專用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級(ji)淬(cui)火(huo)(huo)油(you),介質(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定(ding)在(zai)110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷(leng)卻(que)30min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)后(hou)零(ling)件(jian)的(de)(de)殘余應(ying)力并(bing)防止(zhi)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)裂紋的(de)(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)后(hou)的(de)(de)零(ling)件(jian)進(jin)行低溫(wen)(wen)回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)處理,具體工藝方法是在(zai)當爐溫(wen)(wen)升至160℃左右時零(ling) 件(jian)開始裝爐,保溫(wen)(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐空冷,回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)爐。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)工藝圖(tu)見圖(tu)5:
后序(xu)處理
將熱處理(li)后(hou)的零(ling)件(jian)放在噴(pen)砂機的轉盤上進(jin)行噴(pen)砂處理(li),選(xuan)用石英砂的粒度(du)為10-20目,在噴(pen)砂過(guo) 程中(zhong)要(yao)經(jing)常翻動零(ling)件(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂效(xiao)果均勻(yun)。零(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)砂完后(hou),放入(ru)防(fang)銹液中(zhong)浸泡2-4min后(hou),在空氣(qi)中(zhong)干 燥。需要(yao)注意(yi)的是,防(fang)銹處理(li)必須在噴(pen)砂后(hou)24小時(shi)內完成。
效果
上(shang)述(shu)方(fang)法簡單實(shi)用(yong),不需要專(zhuan)用(yong)裝(zhuang)備(bei)即可實(shi)現直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪的(de)(de)(de)加工,且經(jing)濟性好,成(cheng)本較低。經(jing)對(dui) 加工后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪進(jin)行(xing)檢測,尺寸及形位精度(du)均(jun)符合要求,滲碳(tan)層深度(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部金相(xiang)組織為(wei) 單一的(de)(de)(de)板條狀回火馬氏體組織,硬度(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完全(quan)可以滿足(zu)該零件的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi) 量要求。