東莞市銳(rui)鑫機電有(you)限(xian)公司
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作工藝
刀(dao)具選擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的(de)結構和技術參數(shu)可(ke)知,該(gai)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結構,一(yi)般(ban)情(qing)況下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑 刀的(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)是按大端(duan)背錐當(dang)量漸開(kai)線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)設計(ji),而(er)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)厚則按照(zhao)(zhao)小(xiao)端(duan)設計(ji),并考慮(lv)留有(you)一(yi)定(ding)精切余量。一(yi) 般(ban)情(qing)況下直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)銑刀有(you)3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)套,刀號應按照(zhao)(zhao)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)按照(zhao)(zhao)下式計(ji)算:
熱處(chu)理(li)工藝方法及(ji)過程
如前(qian)文所述,機加工前(qian)對齒(chi)坯進行整體(ti)高(gao)溫正(zheng)火(huo)(huo)(huo)處理(li),正(zheng)火(huo)(huo)(huo)設備為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體(ti)工藝過程是,爐溫升至裝爐溫度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝零(ling)件時如果(guo)需(xu)要(yao)疊(die)放,疊(die)放高(gao)度不要(yao)超過兩層,然后(hou)將(jiang)零(ling)件加熱至920-940℃,使組織完全發生相變(bian),保溫30-50分(fen)鐘后(hou),空冷即可(ke)。正(zheng)火(huo)(huo)(huo)工藝:
由于該齒(chi)輪精度(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)很高,為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火成本,可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接淬(cui)(cui)火的(de)工藝方(fang)法(fa),具(ju) 體方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)將(jiang)零件裝入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至840℃開(kai)始滴(di)航空煤油,煤油滴(di)速(su)為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零件開(kai)始裝爐(lu)。排氣期結(jie)束后(hou),放入兩只試棒,其中(zhong)(zhong)一只試棒在擴散(san)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取(qu)出(chu)(chu)淬(cui)(cui)油冷(leng)卻(que)并(bing)檢驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)深(shen)度(du),根(gen)據檢驗結(jie)果決(jue)定是(shi)否(fou)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),若(ruo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)不(bu)足,擴散(san)期延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可按照表1規定參數進行,為(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)濃(nong)度(du),可采(cai)用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加裝氧傳(chuan)(chuan)感 器(qi)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)進行監測和控(kong)(kong)制,氧傳(chuan)(chuan)感器(qi)通(tong)過氧化鋯(gao)探頭,將(jiang)氣氛狀態轉化為(wei)(wei)電(dian)勢(shi)(shi)差,上述差值通(tong)過控(kong)(kong)制 系統的(de)比(bi)較(jiao)和計算,確(que)定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)的(de)濃(nong)度(du)是(shi)否(fou)合適(shi)并(bing)對其進行自動(dong)優化和調(diao)整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)(shi)控(kong)(kong)制精度(du)可以達(da)到(dao) ≤±0.05%C,可有效控(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質量,確(que)保無塊(kuai)狀、網狀滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物(wu),滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期結(jie)束后(hou),零件出(chu)(chu)爐(lu)直接淬(cui)(cui)火。淬(cui)(cui)火設(she)備選用(yong)(yong)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)恒(heng)溫(wen)(wen)油槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火介(jie)質為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)用(yong)(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級(ji)淬(cui)(cui)火油,介(jie)質溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恒(heng)定在110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)卻(que)30min后(hou),出(chu)(chu)爐(lu)空冷(leng)。
為消除淬火后零件的(de)(de)殘余應(ying)力并防止淬火裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬火后的(de)(de)零件進行(xing)低(di)溫(wen)回火處(chu)理,具體工藝(yi)方法是在當(dang)爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至160℃左右時零 件開始裝爐(lu)(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后,出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)空冷,回火設備為RJJ-36-6回火爐(lu)(lu)。淬火及回火工藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱處理后(hou)的零件(jian)放在(zai)噴砂機的轉盤上進行噴砂處理,選用石英砂的粒度(du)為10-20目,在(zai)噴砂過 程中(zhong)要(yao)經常翻動零件(jian)使(shi)各面噴砂效果均勻。零件(jian)噴砂完(wan)后(hou),放入(ru)防(fang)銹液(ye)中(zhong)浸(jin)泡2-4min后(hou),在(zai)空氣(qi)中(zhong)干 燥。需要(yao)注意的是,防(fang)銹處理必須在(zai)噴砂后(hou)24小(xiao)時內完(wan)成。
效果
上述方法(fa)簡單實(shi)用(yong),不需要專用(yong)裝(zhuang)備即可實(shi)現直齒錐齒輪(lun)的加工(gong),且經濟性好,成本較(jiao)低。經對 加工(gong)后的錐齒輪(lun)進行(xing)檢(jian)測,尺寸及形位精度均符合要求,滲碳層深度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部金相組織為(wei) 單一的板條狀回火(huo)馬氏體(ti)組織,硬(ying)度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬(ying)度為(wei)HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以滿足該零件的質 量要求。