東莞(guan)市銳鑫(xin)機電有限公司
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B棟(dong)401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作工藝(yi)
刀具選擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的結(jie)(jie)構(gou)和(he)技術(shu)參(can)數(shu)可(ke)(ke)知,該(gai)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)屬(shu)于標準結(jie)(jie)構(gou),一(yi)般情(qing)(qing)況下(xia),標準直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形銑 刀(dao)的齒(chi)(chi)形是(shi)按(an)(an)大端背錐(zhui)當(dang)(dang)量漸開線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)形設計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按(an)(an)照小端設計(ji),并考慮留有一(yi)定精切余量。一(yi) 般情(qing)(qing)況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)成(cheng)形銑刀(dao)有3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一(yi)套,刀(dao)號應按(an)(an)照錐(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)(dang)量齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)來(lai)選擇(ze)。當(dang)(dang) 量齒(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可(ke)(ke)按(an)(an)照下(xia)式(shi)計(ji)算:
熱(re)處(chu)理(li)工藝方法及(ji)過程(cheng)
如(ru)前文所(suo)述,機加工前對齒坯(pi)進行整體高溫(wen)正火處理,正火設備(bei)為RT-90-9 箱(xiang)式爐(lu),具(ju)體工藝(yi)過程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至裝(zhuang)爐(lu)溫(wen)度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝(zhuang)零件(jian)時如(ru)果需(xu)要疊放(fang),疊放(fang)高度不要超(chao)過兩層(ceng),然(ran)后將(jiang)零件(jian)加熱至920-940℃,使組(zu)織完全(quan)發生相變,保溫(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后,空冷即(ji)可。正火工藝(yi):
由于該齒輪(lun)精(jing)度(du)要(yao)求不(bu)(bu)是(shi)很高,為(wei)(wei)降低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)成本,可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)工藝方(fang)法,具(ju) 體(ti)方(fang)法是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)零(ling)件裝(zhuang)入滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)(bu)要(yao)疊加(jia),爐(lu)溫升至840℃開始(shi)(shi)滴航(hang)空(kong)煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫升至930℃時(shi)零(ling)件開始(shi)(shi)裝(zhuang)爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期結束后(hou),放入兩只試(shi)棒(bang),其中(zhong)一只試(shi)棒(bang)在擴散(san)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取(qu)出淬(cui)(cui)油(you)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)并檢(jian)驗淬(cui)(cui)硬層(ceng)深(shen)度(du),根(gen)據檢(jian)驗結果決(jue)定(ding)(ding)是(shi)否降溫,若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)不(bu)(bu)足,擴散(san)期延長至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照表1規定(ding)(ding)參數進行,為(wei)(wei)控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢濃(nong)(nong)度(du),可(ke)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加(jia)裝(zhuang)氧(yang)(yang)傳感 器的(de)方(fang)法進行監(jian)測(ce)和控制(zhi)(zhi),氧(yang)(yang)傳感器通過氧(yang)(yang)化鋯探頭,將(jiang)(jiang)氣(qi)氛狀(zhuang)態轉化為(wei)(wei)電勢差,上述(shu)差值通過控制(zhi)(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和計算,確(que)定(ding)(ding)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢的(de)濃(nong)(nong)度(du)是(shi)否合適并對其進行自動優(you)化和調整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢控制(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)度(du)可(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控制(zhi)(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深(shen)度(du)并提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質量,確(que)保(bao)無(wu)塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設(she)備(bei)采(cai) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫期結束后(hou),零(ling)件出爐(lu)直(zhi)接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)設(she)備(bei)選用(yong)(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)恒溫油(you)槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介(jie)質為(wei)(wei)專用(yong)(yong)(yong)等溫分級淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)油(you),介(jie)質溫度(du)恒定(ding)(ding)在110-120℃之間(jian),冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)30min后(hou),出爐(lu)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)零(ling)件的殘(can)余應力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)裂(lie)紋的產生,應盡快將淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)的零(ling)件進行低溫回(hui)火(huo)處(chu)理(li),具體工藝方法是(shi)在當爐溫升至(zhi)160℃左(zuo)右時零(ling) 件開始(shi)裝爐,保溫120-150min后(hou),出爐空冷(leng),回(hui)火(huo)設(she)備為RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐。淬(cui)火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工藝圖見圖5:
后序處理
將熱(re)處理后的零件(jian)放在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)機(ji)的轉盤上進行(xing)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)處理,選用石英砂(sha)(sha)的粒度為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)過 程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)經常翻動零件(jian)使各面噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)效果(guo)均勻。零件(jian)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)完后,放入防銹液中(zhong)(zhong)浸泡2-4min后,在(zai)空氣中(zhong)(zhong)干 燥。需要(yao)注意的是(shi),防銹處理必須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)(pen)砂(sha)(sha)后24小時內完成。
效(xiao)果
上述方法簡單實(shi)用,不需要(yao)專用裝備即(ji)可實(shi)現直齒(chi)錐齒(chi)輪的(de)加(jia)工(gong),且經濟(ji)性好,成本較低(di)。經對 加(jia)工(gong)后(hou)的(de)錐齒(chi)輪進行(xing)檢測,尺寸(cun)及(ji)形(xing)位精(jing)度(du)均符合要(yao)求,滲碳層深(shen)度(du)為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)部(bu)金(jin)相組織為(wei) 單一的(de)板(ban)條狀回火馬氏體組織,硬度(du)為(wei)HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)為(wei)HRC36-40,完(wan)全可以滿足(zu)該零件的(de)質 量要(yao)求。