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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作(zuo)工藝
刀(dao)具選(xuan)擇
從該(gai)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪的(de)(de)結構和技術(shu)參數(shu)可知,該(gai)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪屬(shu)于標(biao)(biao)準結構,一般情(qing)況下(xia),標(biao)(biao)準直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形銑(xian) 刀(dao)的(de)(de)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形是按(an)大端背錐(zhui)(zhui)當(dang)量(liang)漸開線齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)形設(she)計,而齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)厚(hou)則按(an)照(zhao)小端設(she)計,并(bing)考慮留(liu)有(you)一定精切余量(liang)。一 般情(qing)況下(xia)直齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪成(cheng)形銑(xian)刀(dao)有(you)3把(ba)、8把(ba)、15把(ba)、26把(ba)一套,刀(dao)號(hao)應按(an)照(zhao)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)輪當(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)來選擇。當(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)數(shu)Zv可按(an)照(zhao)下(xia)式計算:
熱處理工藝(yi)方法及過(guo)程
如前文所述,機加工前對齒(chi)(chi)坯(pi)進行整(zheng)體高(gao)溫正(zheng)火(huo)(huo)處理,正(zheng)火(huo)(huo)設(she)備為RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工藝(yi)(yi)過程是,爐(lu)溫升至裝爐(lu)溫度(du)400-650℃時,將齒(chi)(chi)輪放(fang) 爐(lu)中,裝零件(jian)時如果需要疊(die)放(fang),疊(die)放(fang)高(gao)度(du)不要超過兩層,然后將零件(jian)加熱(re)至920-940℃,使(shi)組織完全發生相變,保(bao)溫30-50分(fen)鐘后,空冷即可。正(zheng)火(huo)(huo)工藝(yi)(yi):
由(you)于該齒輪(lun)精度(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是(shi)很高,為(wei)(wei)(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)成(cheng)本,可(ke)(ke)以采用(yong)(yong)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)(hou)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)的(de)(de)(de)工藝方法(fa)(fa)(fa),具 體方法(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)零件裝入滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)筐(kuang)中(zhong),不(bu)要(yao)疊加(jia),爐(lu)溫升至(zhi)840℃開始(shi)滴(di)航空(kong)煤(mei)油,煤(mei)油滴(di)速為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫升至(zhi)930℃時(shi)零件開始(shi)裝爐(lu)。排氣(qi)期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),放入兩只(zhi)試棒(bang),其中(zhong)一只(zhi)試棒(bang)在擴(kuo)散時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)(wei)120 min時(shi)取出淬(cui)(cui)油冷(leng)(leng)卻并檢驗(yan)淬(cui)(cui)硬層深度(du),根據檢驗(yan)結(jie)果決定是(shi)否降(jiang)(jiang)溫,若滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)不(bu)足,擴(kuo)散期延長至(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)(ke)按照表1規定參數進行,為(wei)(wei)(wei)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du),可(ke)(ke)采用(yong)(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加(jia)裝氧傳感(gan) 器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)(fa)進行監測和(he)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制,氧傳感(gan)器(qi)通過(guo)(guo)氧化(hua)鋯(gao)探頭,將(jiang)(jiang)氣(qi)氛狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)化(hua)為(wei)(wei)(wei)電勢(shi)差,上述(shu)差值(zhi)通過(guo)(guo)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制 系統的(de)(de)(de)比較和(he)計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)是(shi)否合適并對其進行自動(dong)優化(hua)和(he)調整,使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制精度(du)可(ke)(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)(ke)有效控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層深度(du)并提高滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層的(de)(de)(de)質量,確保(bao)無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)設備(bei)采 用(yong)(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫期結(jie)束后(hou)(hou),零件出爐(lu)直接(jie)淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)。淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)設備(bei)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)專用(yong)(yong)恒溫油槽,淬(cui)(cui) 火(huo)介(jie)質為(wei)(wei)(wei)專用(yong)(yong)等溫分級淬(cui)(cui)火(huo)油,介(jie)質溫度(du)恒定在110-120℃之(zhi)間,冷(leng)(leng)卻30min后(hou)(hou),出爐(lu)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)。
為消除淬(cui)火(huo)后零件(jian)的(de)殘余應力并防止淬(cui)火(huo)裂紋的(de)產生(sheng),應盡(jin)快將(jiang)淬(cui)火(huo)后的(de)零件(jian)進行低溫回(hui)(hui)火(huo)處理,具(ju)體工(gong)藝(yi)方法(fa)是在當爐(lu)(lu)溫升至160℃左右時(shi)零 件(jian)開始裝爐(lu)(lu),保溫120-150min后,出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)空冷,回(hui)(hui)火(huo)設備(bei)為RJJ-36-6回(hui)(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬(cui)火(huo)及(ji)回(hui)(hui)火(huo)工(gong)藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后(hou)序處理(li)
將熱(re)處(chu)理后的零件放在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)機的轉盤上進行噴(pen)砂(sha)處(chu)理,選用石英砂(sha)的粒度(du)為10-20目,在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)過(guo) 程中要經(jing)常翻動(dong)零件使各面(mian)噴(pen)砂(sha)效(xiao)果(guo)均勻。零件噴(pen)砂(sha)完后,放入防銹液中浸(jin)泡2-4min后,在(zai)空氣中干(gan) 燥。需要注意的是,防銹處(chu)理必須在(zai)噴(pen)砂(sha)后24小(xiao)時(shi)內完成。
效果(guo)
上述方法簡(jian)單實用(yong),不需要(yao)專(zhuan)用(yong)裝備即可(ke)實現直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的加(jia)工,且經(jing)濟性好,成(cheng)本較低(di)。經(jing)對(dui) 加(jia)工后的錐齒(chi)(chi)(chi)輪(lun)進行檢測(ce),尺(chi)寸及(ji)形位精(jing)度(du)均符合要(yao)求,滲碳層深度(du)為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)(chi)部(bu)金相組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)(wei) 單一的板條狀(zhuang)回火馬氏體(ti)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),硬度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心(xin)部(bu)硬度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全可(ke)以滿足該零件(jian)的質 量要(yao)求。