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具體參數
拖泵制作(zuo)工藝
刀具選擇
從該齒(chi)輪(lun)的結構和技(ji)術(shu)參數可(ke)知,該錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)屬于標準結構,一般情況(kuang)下,標準直(zhi)齒(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑(xian) 刀的齒(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按(an)大端(duan)(duan)背(bei)錐(zhui)(zhui)當(dang)量(liang)漸開(kai)線齒(chi)形(xing)(xing)設(she)計,而(er)齒(chi)厚(hou)則按(an)照小端(duan)(duan)設(she)計,并(bing)考慮留有(you)一定(ding)精切余量(liang)。一 般情況(kuang)下直(zhi)齒(chi)錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑(xian)刀有(you)3把、8把、15把、26把一套(tao),刀號(hao)應按(an)照錐(zhui)(zhui)齒(chi)輪(lun)當(dang)量(liang)齒(chi)數來選擇。當(dang) 量(liang)齒(chi)數Zv可(ke)按(an)照下式計算(suan):
熱(re)處(chu)理工藝(yi)方(fang)法及過程
如前(qian)文所述,機加工前(qian)對齒(chi)坯(pi)進行整體(ti)高(gao)溫正(zheng)火處(chu)理(li),正(zheng)火設備為RT-90-9 箱式爐,具體(ti)工藝過(guo)程是,爐溫升至裝爐溫度400-650℃時,將(jiang)齒(chi)輪放 爐中,裝零(ling)件時如果需要疊放,疊放高(gao)度不要超過(guo)兩層,然后將(jiang)零(ling)件加熱(re)至920-940℃,使組(zu)織完全發生相變(bian),保(bao)溫30-50分鐘后,空冷即可。正(zheng)火工藝:
由(you)于該(gai)齒輪精度(du)(du)(du)要(yao)求不(bu)是(shi)很(hen)高(gao),為降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)淬(cui)火成(cheng)本(ben),可(ke)以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)后(hou)直接淬(cui)火的(de)工藝方(fang)(fang)法,具 體方(fang)(fang)法是(shi)將(jiang)零件(jian)裝入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)筐中(zhong),不(bu)要(yao)疊加,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)(zhi)840℃開(kai)始(shi)滴航空(kong)煤油(you),煤油(you)滴速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至(zhi)(zhi)930℃時(shi)零件(jian)開(kai)始(shi)裝爐(lu)。排氣期結束后(hou),放入(ru)兩(liang)只試棒,其(qi)中(zhong)一只試棒在擴散時(shi)間為120 min時(shi)取出(chu)淬(cui)油(you)冷卻并檢(jian)驗淬(cui)硬層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du),根據(ju)檢(jian)驗結果(guo)決定是(shi)否(fou)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散期延長至(zhi)(zhi) 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按照(zhao)表1規定參數(shu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing),為控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)濃度(du)(du)(du),可(ke)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)中(zhong)加裝氧傳(chuan)感 器的(de)方(fang)(fang)法進(jin)(jin)行(xing)監測和控(kong)制(zhi),氧傳(chuan)感器通過氧化鋯(gao)探頭,將(jiang)氣氛(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)化為電勢(shi)差,上述差值(zhi)通過控(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和計算,確定碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)的(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)否(fou)合適(shi)并對其(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)自動優化和調(diao)整(zheng),使碳(tan)(tan)(tan)勢(shi)控(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)以達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)并提高(gao)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質量(liang),確保無塊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)設備(bei)采(cai)(cai) 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井式滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)爐(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)均溫(wen)(wen)期結束后(hou),零件(jian)出(chu)爐(lu)直接淬(cui)火。淬(cui)火設備(bei)選用(yong)專(zhuan)用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)油(you)槽,淬(cui) 火介質為專(zhuan)用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)分級淬(cui)火油(you),介質溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恒定在110-120℃之間,冷卻30min后(hou),出(chu)爐(lu)空(kong)冷。
為消除淬(cui)(cui)火后(hou)零件的(de)(de)殘(can)余應(ying)力并防止淬(cui)(cui)火裂紋的(de)(de)產生,應(ying)盡快將淬(cui)(cui)火后(hou)的(de)(de)零件進行低溫(wen)回火處理(li),具體工(gong)(gong)藝方法是(shi)在當爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升至160℃左右時零 件開始裝(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)空冷,回火設備為RJJ-36-6回火爐(lu)(lu)。淬(cui)(cui)火及回火工(gong)(gong)藝圖見(jian)圖5:
后序處理
將熱處理(li)(li)后的零(ling)件(jian)放(fang)(fang)在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂機的轉(zhuan)盤上進(jin)行噴(pen)砂處理(li)(li),選(xuan)用石(shi)英(ying)砂的粒度為10-20目(mu),在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂過(guo) 程中(zhong)要(yao)經常(chang)翻動零(ling)件(jian)使各面噴(pen)砂效果均(jun)勻(yun)。零(ling)件(jian)噴(pen)砂完后,放(fang)(fang)入防(fang)銹液中(zhong)浸(jin)泡2-4min后,在(zai)(zai)空氣中(zhong)干(gan) 燥。需要(yao)注意(yi)的是,防(fang)銹處理(li)(li)必須(xu)在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)砂后24小時內完成。
效果
上述方(fang)法簡單實用(yong),不需(xu)要專用(yong)裝備即(ji)可實現直齒錐(zhui)齒輪的(de)(de)加(jia)工,且經(jing)濟(ji)性好,成本較低。經(jing)對 加(jia)工后的(de)(de)錐(zhui)齒輪進(jin)行檢(jian)測,尺寸及(ji)形位(wei)精度(du)均符合要求,滲碳層深度(du)為(wei)(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒部(bu)金相組(zu)織(zhi)為(wei)(wei) 單一的(de)(de)板條狀回(hui)火馬(ma)氏體組(zu)織(zhi),硬度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC58-62。心部(bu)硬度(du)為(wei)(wei)HRC36-40,完全可以滿足該零(ling)件的(de)(de)質 量要求。