隨(sui)著現代工(gong)(gong)業的興(xing)起，以混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)為(wei)主材料(liao)的建(jian)設方式已經成為(wei)了建(jian)筑業施工(gong)(gong)的主要構造之(zhi)一(yi)，在各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)建(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)占據了很(hen)大的比(bi)例，使得混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)機(ji)(ji)械的發展經久不衰，且有越演越烈的形勢。拖式混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)泵，簡稱拖泵，是(shi)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)機(ji)(ji)械中(zhong)(zhong)的一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)，用于混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)施工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)的輸(shu)送和(he)澆注(zhu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。

拖泵分類選型

37千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)（目前(qian)國內標準(zhun)混凝土泵，37千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)以(yi)下(xia)為細石砂漿泵）、45千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、55千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、75千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、90千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、110千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、130千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)（柴油(you)）、132千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)、162千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)（柴油(you)）、174千(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)瓦(wa)(wa)(wa)（柴油(you)）等。

選(xuan)擇多大(da)電機混凝(ning)土泵(beng)(beng)，首先要考(kao)慮變(bian)壓器容量，其(qi)次考(kao)慮距離(li)混凝(ning)土泵(beng)(beng)的遠近和線(xian)徑(jing)大(da)小，以免壓降過大(da)造成電流增高或跳閘停機，過大(da)功率(lv)造成成本增加(jia)和使用(yong)不(bu)便(bian)。電機過小，同時也滿足不(bu)了工程需要。

混凝(ning)土輸送(song)(song)泵功率、混凝(ning)土輸送(song)(song)泵出(chu)口壓力、混凝(ning)土輸送(song)(song)泵輸送(song)(song)量(liang)之(zhi)間的(de)關系(xi)

一(yi)(yi)臺混(hun)凝土輸(shu)(shu)送(song)泵的(de)電機功(gong)率是決定(ding)出口(kou)壓(ya)力(li)和輸(shu)(shu)送(song)方量(liang)(liang)的(de)前提條件，在電機功(gong)率一(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)情況下，壓(ya)力(li)的(de)升高必將使輸(shu)(shu)送(song)量(liang)(liang)降低(di)；相反(fan)，降低(di)出口(kou)壓(ya)力(li)，將會使輸(shu)(shu)送(song)量(liang)(liang)增加。

為了保(bao)證混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)輸(shu)送泵(beng)既要有(you)較(jiao)大輸(shu)送量，又能有(you)一定(ding)的(de)(de)出口壓力(li)和與之(zhi)相(xiang)匹配的(de)(de)經濟功(gong)率(lv)，在混(hun)凝(ning)土(tu)輸(shu)送泵(beng)的(de)(de)設(she)計(ji)中，大都(dou)采用了恒(heng)功(gong)率(lv)柱塞泵(beng)；即恒(heng)功(gong)率(lv)值(zhi)選定(ding)后，當出口壓力(li)升高時，油泵(beng)輸(shu)出排量會自動降低，達(da)到與功(gong)率(lv)設(she)計(ji)相(xiang)對應的(de)(de)值(zhi)；如果既要達(da)到出口壓力(li)高，又想得到輸(shu)送量大的(de)(de)目的(de)(de)。惟一的(de)(de)途(tu)徑就是(shi)增加(jia)電機功(gong)率(lv)。

因此，在國(guo)家新標(biao)準中，引用(yong)了混(hun)凝(ning)土輸(shu)送(song)(song)泵的能(neng)力指(zhi)數概念（以(yi)MPa·m3/h為度(du)量(liang)單位）；即混(hun)凝(ning)土輸(shu)送(song)(song)泵的實際(ji)出口壓(ya)力與每小時實際(ji)輸(shu)送(song)(song)量(liang)之乘積，該值越大，其(qi)能(neng)力指(zhi)數也越大，電機(ji)的功(gong)率也將越大，由(you)此實現大排量(liang)、高(gao)揚程的目的。科尼樂公司在設(she)(she)計(ji)時，還采用(yong)了高(gao)低壓(ya)切換的功(gong)能(neng)設(she)(she)計(ji)，以(yi)滿足不(bu)同的施工要求，在經濟狀態下，又能(neng)產生較大的輸(shu)送(song)(song)量(liang)，或者以(yi)相同的電機(ji)功(gong)率，產生較高(gao)的出口壓(ya)力。