東(dong)莞市銳鑫機電有(you)限公司(si)
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B棟401
具體參數
拖泵(beng)制作工藝
刀具(ju)選擇
從該齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)的(de)結構和技術(shu)參數可(ke)知(zhi),該錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)屬于標準結構,一般(ban)情況(kuang)下,標準直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑(xian) 刀的(de)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)是按大(da)端(duan)背(bei)錐當量漸開線(xian)齒(chi)(chi)形(xing)(xing)設(she)計(ji),而齒(chi)(chi)厚則按照小端(duan)設(she)計(ji),并考慮(lv)留有一定精切余量。一 般(ban)情況(kuang)下直齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)成形(xing)(xing)銑(xian)刀有3把(ba)(ba)、8把(ba)(ba)、15把(ba)(ba)、26把(ba)(ba)一套(tao),刀號應(ying)按照錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)(lun)當量齒(chi)(chi)數來選擇。當 量齒(chi)(chi)數Zv可(ke)按照下式計(ji)算:
熱處理工藝方法及過程
如前(qian)文(wen)所述,機加工(gong)前(qian)對齒(chi)坯(pi)進行整(zheng)體高溫(wen)(wen)正火(huo)(huo)處理,正火(huo)(huo)設(she)備為(wei)RT-90-9 箱式爐(lu),具體工(gong)藝過程是,爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)升至裝爐(lu)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)400-650℃時,將齒(chi)輪放 爐(lu)中,裝零件(jian)時如果需要(yao)疊(die)放,疊(die)放高度(du)不要(yao)超過兩層,然后將零件(jian)加熱至920-940℃,使組(zu)織完全發生相變,保溫(wen)(wen)30-50分(fen)鐘后,空冷即可。正火(huo)(huo)工(gong)藝:
由于該(gai)齒(chi)輪精度(du)(du)(du)要求不(bu)是(shi)(shi)很(hen)高,為降(jiang)低滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)淬火成本,可(ke)以(yi)采用(yong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)后(hou)直接(jie)淬火的(de)工(gong)藝方(fang)法(fa),具 體(ti)方(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)將零(ling)件(jian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入(ru)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)筐中(zhong)(zhong),不(bu)要疊加,爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至840℃開始滴(di)航空煤油,煤油滴(di)速為60-80d/min, 爐(lu)(lu)(lu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)升至930℃時(shi)零(ling)件(jian)開始裝(zhuang)(zhuang)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。排氣期(qi)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou),放入(ru)兩只試棒,其中(zhong)(zhong)一只試棒在(zai)(zai)擴散時(shi)間(jian)為120 min時(shi)取出淬油冷卻并(bing)檢驗淬硬層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du),根據檢驗結(jie)果決(jue)定是(shi)(shi)否(fou)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen),若滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)足,擴散期(qi)延長(chang)至 150min。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)可(ke)按(an)照表1規定參數進(jin)行,為控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)時(shi)的(de)碳(tan)勢濃度(du)(du)(du),可(ke)采用(yong)在(zai)(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)加裝(zhuang)(zhuang)氧傳感 器(qi)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)進(jin)行監測和控(kong)制(zhi),氧傳感器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)氧化(hua)鋯探頭,將氣氛狀(zhuang)態轉化(hua)為電(dian)勢差,上述差值通(tong)過(guo)控(kong)制(zhi) 系統的(de)比較和計算,確定碳(tan)勢的(de)濃度(du)(du)(du)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)合適(shi)并(bing)對其進(jin)行自動優化(hua)和調整(zheng),使碳(tan)勢控(kong)制(zhi)精度(du)(du)(du)可(ke)以(yi)達到 ≤±0.05%C,可(ke)有效控(kong)制(zhi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)深度(du)(du)(du)并(bing)提高滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的(de)質量,確保無塊狀(zhuang)、網狀(zhuang)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)物,滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)設備采 用(yong)RQ3-75-9井(jing)式(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)均(jun)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)期(qi)結(jie)束(shu)后(hou),零(ling)件(jian)出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)直接(jie)淬火。淬火設備選用(yong)專用(yong)恒溫(wen)(wen)(wen)油槽,淬 火介(jie)質為專用(yong)等溫(wen)(wen)(wen)分級淬火油,介(jie)質溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)恒定在(zai)(zai)110-120℃之間(jian),冷卻30min后(hou),出爐(lu)(lu)(lu)空冷。
為(wei)消除淬火(huo)后零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)的殘余應力并防止淬火(huo)裂紋的產生,應盡快將淬火(huo)后的零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)進行低(di)溫(wen)回(hui)火(huo)處理,具(ju)體工藝(yi)方法是在當爐(lu)(lu)溫(wen)升(sheng)至160℃左右時零(ling)(ling) 件(jian)(jian)開始裝爐(lu)(lu),保溫(wen)120-150min后,出爐(lu)(lu)空(kong)冷,回(hui)火(huo)設備(bei)為(wei)RJJ-36-6回(hui)火(huo)爐(lu)(lu)。淬火(huo)及回(hui)火(huo)工藝(yi)圖見圖5:
后(hou)序處(chu)理(li)
將熱處理后(hou)(hou)的(de)零件(jian)(jian)放(fang)在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂機的(de)轉盤上進行噴(pen)(pen)砂處理,選用石英(ying)砂的(de)粒(li)度為10-20目(mu),在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂過 程(cheng)中要經常翻動零件(jian)(jian)使各面噴(pen)(pen)砂效(xiao)果均勻。零件(jian)(jian)噴(pen)(pen)砂完后(hou)(hou),放(fang)入防(fang)銹(xiu)液中浸泡2-4min后(hou)(hou),在(zai)空氣中干 燥(zao)。需要注意的(de)是,防(fang)銹(xiu)處理必須在(zai)噴(pen)(pen)砂后(hou)(hou)24小時內完成(cheng)。
效果(guo)
上述方法簡單實(shi)用,不需要專用裝備(bei)即(ji)可(ke)實(shi)現直(zhi)齒(chi)(chi)錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)的加(jia)(jia)工(gong),且經濟性好,成本較低。經對 加(jia)(jia)工(gong)后的錐齒(chi)(chi)輪(lun)進行(xing)檢測,尺寸(cun)及形(xing)位(wei)精(jing)度均符合(he)要求,滲(shen)碳層深(shen)度為(wei)1.1-1.3mm,齒(chi)(chi)部金相組織為(wei) 單一的板條狀回(hui)火馬氏(shi)體組織,硬度為(wei)HRC58-62。心部硬度為(wei)HRC36-40,完(wan)全可(ke)以滿足該零(ling)件(jian)的質(zhi) 量要求。